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[優(yōu)]定語(yǔ)從句whose用法6篇
定語(yǔ)從句whose用法1
定語(yǔ)從句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定語(yǔ),修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現在先行詞之后,由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出。
關(guān)系代詞有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。
關(guān)系副詞有:when, where, why等。
關(guān)系代詞引導的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,并在句中充當主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數要和先行詞保持一致。
1.who, whom, that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想見(jiàn)的'人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
2. Whose 用來(lái)指人或物,(只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物,它還可以同of which互換), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車(chē)壞了,大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請遞給我那本綠皮的書(shū)。
3.whose用作關(guān)系代詞時(shí),它并不表示誰(shuí)的,而是表示的,在具體語(yǔ)境需要靈活處理。如:
He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽車(chē)被竊的人。
The boys whose names were called stood up. 叫到名字的男孩們站了起來(lái)。
You are the only one whose advice he might listen to. 你是惟一可能使他聽(tīng)從勸告的人。
4. 不要以為whose引導定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),其先行詞一定是指人的名詞,其實(shí)也可以是指事物(包括動(dòng)物)的名詞。如:
It was an island whose name I have forgotten. 這是一座島,名字我忘了。
Wolves are highly social animals whose success depends upon cooperation. 狼是高度群體化的動(dòng)物,它們的成功依賴(lài)于合作。
5. whose 不僅可以引導限制性定語(yǔ)從句,也可引導非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。如:
My bitch, whose temper is very uncertain, often bites the judges at dog shows. 我的母狗脾氣不穩定,常常在狗展上咬裁判。
One of the Britons, whose identity has not been revealed, was taken to hospital. 其中一位英國人被送往醫院。他的身份還沒(méi)有透露。
定語(yǔ)從句whose用法2
WHOSE也可以引導定語(yǔ)從句,它相當于前面說(shuō)的關(guān)系代詞的所有格形式。
例:She has an uncle . His name is Peter.
=She has an uncle whose name is Peter.
I like that house . Its location is good to me.
=I like that house whose location is good to me.
"WHOSE"引導定語(yǔ)從句的三原則:
a. whose 前要有先行詞
b. whose 后的名詞要做定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)
c. 否則whose前應有介詞,且該介詞也可移至定語(yǔ)從句的句尾
以上可知whose引導定語(yǔ)從句的用法和其他關(guān)系代詞的用法相似。
例:I hate John,whose words are seldom true.(本句中,whose words 前有先行詞John,且本身做定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ))
I hate John,whose words I have no trust.(錯) (本句雖有先行詞,但whose words 無(wú)法直接做trust的賓語(yǔ),所以要稍加改正)
改正:I hate John,whose words I seldom trust in.(對)
附一:關(guān)系代詞引導的`定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,并在句中充當主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數要和先行詞保持一致。
1、who指人,在從句中做主語(yǔ)
The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
2、whom指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中充當賓語(yǔ),?墒÷。
Mr. Liu is the person (whom)you talked about on the bus.
【注意】關(guān)系代詞whom在口語(yǔ)和非正式語(yǔ)體中常用who代替,可省略。
The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3、which指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ),做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略
Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
4、that指人時(shí),相當于who或者whom;指物時(shí),相當于which。在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ),做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。
The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.
5、whose通常指人,也可指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)
He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
whose指物時(shí),常用以下結構來(lái)代替:
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom of which the door is broken will soon be repaired.
Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
。ㄗ⒁猓簍he + 名詞 + of which/whom?迹。
附二:介詞+關(guān)系代詞whom/which引導的定語(yǔ)從句(重點(diǎn))
關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),從句常由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導:
The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
=The school in which he once studied is very famous.
【注意】
1、含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)一般不拆開(kāi)使用,如:look for, look after, take care of等
。1)This is the watch which/that I am lookingfor.(T)
。2)This is the watch for which I amlooking. (F)
2、若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前,關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用whom,不可用who或者that;指物時(shí)用which,不能用that;關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用whose
。1)The man with whom you talked is my friend.(T)
。2)The man who/that you talked with is my friend.(F)
3、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most,each, few等代詞或者數詞,構成some of which/whom等類(lèi)似結構引導的定語(yǔ)從句。(重點(diǎn):?!)
。1)He loved his parents deeply, of whom both are very kind to him.
。2)In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
。3)There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
在特定語(yǔ)境中,可以用“介詞+ whose/where”引導定語(yǔ)從句
The boss in whose department Ms King once worked is a kind man.
定語(yǔ)從句whose用法3
whose在從句中作定語(yǔ),后面必須有名詞;who作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ).
The book (whose cover is blue) is mine.封皮是藍色的.那本書(shū)是我的.
The man who is in white is my father.穿白色衣服的那個(gè)人是我爸爸.(主語(yǔ))
The man who/whom you talked to just now is my father.剛才跟你說(shuō)話(huà)的那個(gè)人時(shí)我爸爸.(賓語(yǔ))
The man to whom you talked just now is my father.(句中whom不可用who,兩個(gè)都可做賓語(yǔ),但前面有介詞時(shí)不能用who,只能用whom.)
定語(yǔ)從句whose用法4
定語(yǔ)從句中whose的用法
whose 是定語(yǔ)從句中一個(gè)常用的關(guān)系代詞,表" …… 的"之意;它可以指"人的",也可以指"物的";既可以引導限制性定語(yǔ)從句,也可以引導非限制性定語(yǔ)從句.
〖思維一〗whose + n .可作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),功能與 which ,whom (who )相同.如:
Mr King ,whose legs were badly hurt ,was quickly taken to hospital .
The boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the accident .
〖思維二〗whose 既可引導限制性定語(yǔ)從句,又可引導非限制性定語(yǔ)從句.如:
My uncle whose office we have just passed ,is a lawyer .我的叔叔是個(gè)律師,剛才我們經(jīng)過(guò)他的辦公室 .
Once there was a wise king whose name was Alfred .從前有一個(gè)叫阿爾弗雷德的英國國王.
〖思維三〗whose 代指"……的`",既可以指人,也可以指物.如:
Look at the building ,whose roof is white .看那棟樓,樓頂的顏色是白的.
The girl lives in the house ,whose windows face south .那個(gè)女孩住在這所房子里,房子的窗戶(hù)是朝南開(kāi)的.
〖思維四〗whose 表所屬關(guān)系指物時(shí),可與 of which 轉換,詞序一般是:名詞+ of which
Look at the building ,the roof of which ( = whose roof )is white .
The girl lives in the house ,the windows of which ( = whose windows )face south .
〖思維五〗whose 不可與 of which (whom )轉換的情況.
當 of 不具有"所屬"含義時(shí),(如在 hear of ,be proud of ,be fond of ,be full of 等短語(yǔ)中,of 均不表"所屬"關(guān)系),只能用 of which (whom) 或 which (whom ,who )… of ,切不可盲目用 whose .如:
Mary has been married to a scientist of whom you may have heard .(… < who / whom > you may have heard of … .) 瑪麗嫁給了一位科學(xué)家,你可能聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)這個(gè)人.
She has a clever boy of whom she is proud .她有一個(gè)為之驕傲的聰明兒子.
〖思維六〗whose 在定語(yǔ)從句中,有"所屬"含義,一般不再與其它限定詞羅列使用.
當 whose 表"所屬"含義時(shí),其本身就是一個(gè)限定詞,相當于 one's (具體講是:my ,his ,her ,
its ,our ,your ,their …),而限定詞不可羅列在一起使用,whose 也不例外.如:
John ,of whom my aunt is a distant cousin by marriage ,comes to see us sometimes .約翰有時(shí)來(lái)看看我們,他是我姑姑的一個(gè)遠房親戚.
定語(yǔ)從句whose用法5
英文定語(yǔ)從句whose的用法
一、whose為who的所有格,作“某(些)人的……”解,它所指代的先行詞必須是人,其引導的定語(yǔ)從句修飾它的先行詞,同時(shí)它本身在從句中作定語(yǔ)。
This is the little girl whoseparents were killed in the great earthquake。這就是在那次大地震中失去雙親的那個(gè)小姑娘。
Mr Liu wants to talk to thestudents whose homework hasn‘t been handed in。劉老師要跟那些沒(méi)交家庭作業(yè)的學(xué)生談話(huà)。
二、whose也可作which的所有格,作“某(些)物的……”解,它所指代的先行詞必須是物,其語(yǔ)xx能同上。
The company whose name was Notcowas in Australia。那個(gè)名叫諾特可的公司設在澳大利亞。
We live in a house whose windowsopen to the south。我們居住在一所窗戶(hù)朝南開(kāi)的房子里。
三、whose可修飾定語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)等不同成分。
Mr King,whoselegs were badly hurt,was quickly taken to hospital。金先生的腿受了重傷,很快就被送往醫院。(whose修飾定語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)legs)
We shall have to make a decisionabout Ms King,whose story I‘ve just told you。關(guān)于金女士的情況,我剛才已經(jīng)告訴你們了,我們得對她的事情作出決定。(whose修飾定語(yǔ)從句中的`賓語(yǔ) story)
四、whose既可引導限制性定語(yǔ)從句,亦可引導非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
The boss in whose department MrKing worked called at the hospital。金先生工作單位的老板到醫院來(lái)探視。(限制性定語(yǔ)從句)
The boss of the company,whose name was Mr Little,told the story。公司的老板叫利特爾,他講述了這個(gè)故事。(非限制性定語(yǔ)從句)
五、由于whose具有兼作who和 which的所有格的雙重功能,故在指人時(shí)可用of whom代替whose,指物時(shí)可用ofwhich代替whose。
This kind of book is for childrenwhose native language(=the native language of whom)is Chinese。這種書(shū)是給母語(yǔ)是漢語(yǔ)的兒童看的。
Mr Brown has written a novelwhose name(=the name of which)I‘vecompletely forgotten。布朗先生寫(xiě)了部小說(shuō),其書(shū)名我完全忘了。
I live in a room whose window(=the window of which)opens to the south。我住在一間窗戶(hù)朝南開(kāi)的屋子里。
六、按英語(yǔ)習慣用法,下列情況中的whose和of whom或ofwhich切不可混用:
1、凡是ofwhom或of which同數詞或代詞(如some,many,little等)連用表示部分與整體關(guān)系時(shí),通常不可用 whose。
There are 45 students in ourclass,35of whom are League members。我們班有45名學(xué)生,其中35名是團員。
Mr White wrote many articles,some of which were translated into Chinese。懷特先生寫(xiě)了不少文章,其中一些譯成了中文。
2、凡是of whom或of which修飾定語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ),是表示同位關(guān)系的代詞both,all等時(shí),切不可用whose。
I have two sons,both of whom serve in the army。我有兩個(gè)兒子,都在部隊服役。
He has some novels,all of which are written in Russian。他有一些小說(shuō),都是用俄文寫(xiě)的。
拓展:定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯
許多英語(yǔ)初學(xué)者往往弄不明白為什么引導定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞which不能譯為“哪一個(gè)”,who不能譯為“誰(shuí)”,when不能譯為“什么時(shí)候”,where不能譯為“什么地方”,等等。
首先,我們必須要明白一點(diǎn),那就是引導定語(yǔ)從句的which, who, when, where, why等是關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞),而不是疑問(wèn)詞,所以不能按疑問(wèn)詞的意思來(lái)理解。
前面我們講到,英語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)從句總是后置的,即要放在被修飾名詞或代詞之后;但在漢語(yǔ)中,定語(yǔ)通常是前置的,也就是說(shuō)定語(yǔ)要放在被修飾名詞的前面,并通常表現為“……的”這樣的形式。當我們翻譯英語(yǔ)中定語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)候,一般可以按漢語(yǔ)習慣,將定語(yǔ)從句翻譯在被修飾的名詞或代詞之前,而其中的關(guān)系詞一般就是譯成漢語(yǔ)中的“……的”。如:
He showed me the article that he had written. 他把他寫(xiě)的文章拿給我看。
句中的that he had written為修飾名詞the article的定語(yǔ)從句,翻譯時(shí)就可譯為“他寫(xiě)的文章”,其中的關(guān)系代詞that在此譯成了“的”字。
She was not in the train which arrived just now. 她不在剛到的那列火車(chē)上。
句中的which arrived just now為修飾名詞the train的定語(yǔ)從句,翻譯時(shí)就可譯為“剛才到的那列火車(chē)”,其中的關(guān)系代詞which在此也譯成了“的”字。
Sunday is the day when very few people go to work. 星期日是沒(méi)什么人上班的日子。
句中的when very few people go to work為修飾名詞the day的定語(yǔ)從句,翻譯時(shí)就可譯為“沒(méi)什么人去上班的日子”,其中的關(guān)系副詞when在此也譯成了“的”字。
That’s the hotel where we were staying last summer. 這就是我們去年夏天住的旅館。
句中的when very few people go to work為修飾名詞the day的定語(yǔ)從句,翻譯時(shí)就可譯為“沒(méi)什么人去上班的日子”,其中的關(guān)系副詞when在此也譯成了“的”字。
Give me one reason why we should help you. 給我舉出一個(gè)我們應當幫助你的理由。
句中的why we should help you為修飾名詞one reason的定語(yǔ)從句,翻譯時(shí)就可譯為“我們應當幫助你的理由”,其中的關(guān)系副詞why在此也譯成了“的”字。
當然,我們上面介紹的是翻譯定語(yǔ)從句最簡(jiǎn)單同時(shí)也是最基本的方法,由于英語(yǔ)句子千變萬(wàn)化,定語(yǔ)從句的表現形式也靈活多樣,有些含有定語(yǔ)從句的句子可能用此方法翻譯會(huì )顯得別扭,但只要掌握了這個(gè)基本的方法,再加上適當的變通,翻譯定語(yǔ)從句也就不難了。
定語(yǔ)從句whose用法6
定語(yǔ)從句whose的用法
1. whose用作關(guān)系代詞時(shí),它并不表示“誰(shuí)的”,而是表示“……的……”,在具體語(yǔ)境需要靈活處理。如:
He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽車(chē)被竊的人。
The boys whose names were called stood up. 叫到名字的男孩們站了起來(lái)。
You are the only one whose advice he might listen to. 你是惟一可能使他聽(tīng)從勸告的人。
2. 不要以為whose引導定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),其先行詞一定是指人的名詞,其實(shí)也可以是指事物(包括動(dòng)物)的名詞。如:
It was an island whose name I have forgotten. 這是一座島,名字我忘了。
Wolves are highly social animals whose success depends upon cooperation. 狼是高度群體化的動(dòng)物,它們的成功依賴(lài)于合作。
3. whose 不僅可以引導限制性定語(yǔ)從句,也可引導非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。如:
My bitch, whose temper is very uncertain, often bites the judges at dog shows. 我的母狗脾氣不穩定,常常在狗展上咬裁判。
One of the Britons, whose identity has not been revealed, was taken to hospital. 其中一位英國人被送往醫院。他的身份還沒(méi)有透露。
Now was not the time to start thinking of mother, whose death had so distressed me. 現在還不是開(kāi)始想念母親的時(shí)候。她的逝世曾令我極度痛苦。
4. 引導定語(yǔ)從句的“whose+名詞”,有時(shí)可換成其他結構,注意詞序的變化。比較:
破了窗戶(hù)的那座房子是空的。
正:The house whose windows are broken is empty.
正:The house the windows of which are broken is empty.
正:The house of which the windows are broken is empty.
正:The house with broken windows is empty.
5. 根據語(yǔ)境的需要,whose 前可以使用語(yǔ)義需要的.介詞。如:
I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this far. 我要感謝史密斯教授,沒(méi)有他的幫助,我不會(huì )走到今天這一步。
Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from whose effects the people are still suffering. 上個(gè)月東南亞的部分地區受到洪水侵襲,現在人們仍在遭受洪水帶來(lái)的影響。
延伸閱讀:定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞that 的用法
1)不用that的情況
a) 引導非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。例如:
。ㄥe)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介詞后不能用。例如:
We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我們依賴(lài)土地獲得食物。
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
2) 只能用that作為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況
a) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which.
b) 在不定代詞,如:anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時(shí),只用that,不用which.
c) 先行詞有the only, the very修飾時(shí),只用that.
d) 先行詞為序數詞、數詞、形容詞最高級時(shí),只用that.。
e) 先行詞既有人,又有物時(shí)。例如:
All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油問(wèn)題。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。
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